Islam in Albania has a long and unique history, shaped by centuries of Ottoman rule, communist repression, and modern secularism. Here’s an overview:
Historical Background
Ottoman Rule (15th–20th century):
Islam was introduced to Albania during the Ottoman Empire, which ruled the region from the late 14th century until 1912. Over time, a significant portion of the population converted to Sunni Islam and the Bektashi Sufi order, both promoted under Ottoman influence.
Bektashi Order:
Albania became a stronghold for the Bektashi Sufi order, which is more mystical and liberal in its practice. It remains one of the key Islamic traditions in Albania today.
Independence (1912):
After independence from the Ottomans, Albania maintained a multi-religious identity. However, secular nationalism became dominant.
Communist Era (1944–1990):
Under Enver Hoxha, Albania became the first officially atheist state in 1967. All forms of religious practice, including Islam, were banned. Mosques were closed, clerics were imprisoned or killed, and religious traditions were suppressed.
Islam in Modern Albania
Religious Freedom Restored (1990s):
After communism collapsed, religious freedom was reinstated. Mosques were reopened, and Islamic education resumed.
Current Muslim Population:
About 56–60% of Albanians identify as Muslim, making it the largest religious group in the country. The two main branches are:
- Sunni Islam
- Bektashi Islam (a Sufi order)
Religious Practice:
Albania is a highly secular country. Many people identify as Muslim culturally or historically rather than practicing regularly. Religious tolerance is a strong national value.
Islamic Institutions:
- Muslim Community of Albania (KMSH) oversees Sunni affairs.
- Bektashi World Headquarters is located in Tirana, Albania’s capital.
Key Characteristics of Islam in Albania
- Moderate and Tolerant: Albanian Islam is generally peaceful, moderate, and coexists with Christianity and secularism.
- Interfaith Harmony: Albania is known for its high level of religious tolerance and peaceful coexistence among Muslims, Orthodox Christians, and Catholics.
- Secular Government: Albania is constitutionally secular, with no official state religion.
Albania
Country Code Top-Level Domain: .al
Country Code: +355